kidney disease

Finerenone (BAY-948862) is a nonsteroidal antagonist of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) (IC50=18 nM) with selective and oral activity. Finerenone is used in the treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease with type 2 diabetes.

Bis-T-23 is a promoter of actin-dependent dynamin oligomerization, an HIV-I integrase inhibitor, and a Telstar derivative. Bis-T-23 promotes actin-dependent dynamin oligomerization. Bis-T-23 can be used in studies of HIV and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

6-Acryloyloxyhexyl phosphater (PA21) is a novel phosphate-binding agent, which is an iron-based reagent, and can be used for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in chronic kidney disease.

BLU2864 is an orally active, highly selective, ATP-competitive PRKACA inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.3 nM, exhibiting anti-tumor activity and potential applications in cancer and polycystic kidney disease research [1] [2].

Avosentan(Ro 67-0565; SPP-301) is a potent endothelin receptor (ETA) antagonist with strong inhibitory effects on endothelin-1-induced contraction and may have protective effects against chronic kidney disease. [2]

Calcium polystyrene sulfonate (Poly(styrenesulfonic acid) calcium salt) is an ion-exchange resin. Calcium polystyrene sulfonate reduces blood levels of potassium and can be used for research on the treatment of hyperkalemia in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Irbesartan (SR-47436) is an Angiotensin 2 Receptor Blocker whose mechanism of action involves antagonizing the Angiotensin 2 Receptor.

5-Hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin (HD-003) is an antioxidant potentially for the treatment of renal failure. A creatinine metabolite, 5-Hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin , a hydroxyl radical scavenger, has previously been shown to confer renoprotection by inhibiting the progression of chronic kidney disease in rats. 5-Hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin is a novel anti-oxidant drug completely suppressed the expression of B2-kinin receptors (B2KR) in response to high glucose (25 mM) stimulation in VSMC and was also shown to attenuate the effects of BK on VSMC remodeling. 5-Hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin inhibited the BK-induced increase in MAPK phosphorylation and attenuated the increase in connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) protein levels in VSMC. These findings suggest that 5-Hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin may confer vascular protection against high glucose concentrations and BK-stimulation to ameliorate vascular injury and remodeling through its anti-oxidant properties.

Bisphenol A is an endogenous metabolic compound of phenols and is widely used in the production of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics. It is reproductive, developmental and systemic toxicant and is often classified as an endocrine disruptor. It has been linked to many diseases, including respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, kidney disease, obesity and reproductive disorders.

Trapidil (Avantrin) is a coronary vasodilator agent. It was originally developed as a vasodilator and anti-platelet agent and has been used to treat patients with ischemic coronary heart, liver, and kidney disease.

GFB-8438 is a potent and subtype selective inhibitor of TRPC5(IC50s of 0.18 and 0.29 μM of hTRPC5 and hTRPC4, respectively).

2-Iodohippuric Acid can be used to measure renal clearance for renal function studies, and for the diagnosis of certain diseases, such as liver and kidney disease. In addition, it is used in the synthesis of certain drugs.

CDDO-dhTFEA, a synthetic oleanane triterpenoid, effectively activates Nrf2 while inhibiting the NF-κB pro-inflammatory transcription factor. It restores mean arterial pressure (MAP), elevates Nrf2 levels and the expression of related genes, attenuates NF-κB and transforming growth factor-β pathway activation, and mitigates glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, and inflammation in rats with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

12-Ketodeoxycholic acid, a bile acid and kidney metabolite, serves as a detectable marker for kidney injury [1].

Enalapril sodium is used to treat high blood pressure, diabetic kidney disease, and heart failure and can be generally used with a diuretic such as furosemide for heart failure.

PPQ-102 (CFTR Inhibitor), an effective CFTR inhibitor, can completely inhibit CFTR chloride current (IC50: 90 nM).

PFI-2 is an effective, specific and cell-active lysine methyltransferase SETD7 inhibitor (Ki IC50: 0.33 2 nM), 1000-fold selectivity over other methyltransferases and other non-epigenetic targets.

L-Penicillamine is a medication primarily. It is used for the treatment of Wilson's disease. It is also used for people with kidney stones who have high urine cystine levels, rheumatoid arthritis, copper poisoning, and lead poisoning.

BSc5367 is a potent inhibitor of the structural domain of Nek1 kinase with an IC50=11.5 nM. Nek1 is a NIMA-associated protein kinase tightly linked to cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, and microtubule regulation. BSc5367 can be used in studies related to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), polycystic kidney disease (PKD), and several types of radiotherapy-resistant cancers.

LJ-2698 is an adenosine A3 receptor antagonist under investigation for treating emphysema and DKD (Diabetic Kidney Disease). In mouse lung models, LJ-2698 effectively mitigates elastase-induced adverse effects and inhibits matrix metalloproteinase activity and apoptosis. Additionally, it is being explored for its potential in treating diabetic nephropathy, successfully preventing various types of kidney damage in mice.

AChE BuChE-IN-6 (Compound 11f) is an inhibitor of AChE and BuChE, with IC50 values of 1.24 and 1.85 μg mL, respectively. It exhibits strong DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 3.15 μg mL). In vivo toxicity studies demonstrate that AChE BuChE-IN-6 is safe, showing no significant differences in blood and biochemical parameters compared to controls, and no abnormalities in liver and kidney tissues. This compound shows potential for Alzheimer's disease research.

AV457 is a potent and selective inhibitor of mTOR. It effectively suppresses cyst growth in polycystic kidney disease (PKD) organoids. AV457 reduces the protein expression of P-s6 and P-p70s6, but it does not decrease the protein expression of P-AKT.

DDO-3055 is an orally active PHD2 inhibitor utilized in studies related to anemia associated with chronic kidney disease.

PHM-2-167 (Compound 11) is a selective inhibitor of the prolyl hydroxylase domain enzyme (PHD). It inhibits PHD2 and PHD3 with IC50 values of 0.253 μM and 3.95 μM, respectively. PHM-2-167 is applicable for research in chronic kidney disease.